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Eritrea
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Description
Eritrea is a country located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the west, and Ethiopia to the south. It covers an area of approximately 117,600 square kilometers and is home to a diverse population of around six million people, comprising nine recognized ethnic groups, including the Tigre, Tigrinya, and Saho. The capital city, Asmara, is known for its well-preserved colonial architecture and is often referred to as "the Jewel of East Africa." The country's landscape is characterized by a combination of coastal plains, highland plateaus, and arid lowlands, offering a variety of ecosystems and climates.
Eritrea has a rich historical and cultural heritage, shaped by a mixture of indigenous traditions and foreign influences. The region has been inhabited since ancient times, with archaeological findings indicating a complex civilization dating back thousands of years. Eritrea was also part of the ancient kingdom of Aksum and later became an Italian colony in the late 19th century, which greatly influenced its architecture and urban development. Following a prolonged armed struggle for independence, Eritrea gained sovereignty in 1993, officially separating from Ethiopia. The country celebrates its Independence Day on May 24 each year, marking a significant moment in its national identity.
Despite its rich heritage and strategic location, Eritrea faces numerous challenges. The government, led by President Isaias Afwerki since independence, has been criticized for its authoritarian rule, with limited political freedoms and restrictions on press and speech. The economy relies heavily on agriculture and mining, but it has struggled with development, exacerbated by years of conflict and isolation. Eritrea's relations with neighboring countries, particularly Ethiopia, have been tumultuous, though a peace agreement signed in 2018 marked a turning point. Today, Eritrea continues to strive for stability and growth, navigating the complexities of its past while looking toward the future.
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